Name
Capella University
PSYC FPX 3520
Prof. Name
December, 2024
Thinking, Feeling, and Believing: A Case Study
Cognition, affect, and perception are interactive in the finding of solutions to moral and ethical issues (Schmitt et al., 2021). Reasoning is the cognitive activity dealing with conclusions made in light of facts; emotion is a way to grasp things that may affect rationality, compassion, and ethical sensibility; and commitment is provided by assumptions that shape the perception of the world. In a case study, these elements combine to influence judgment. For instance, an allocator who is a healthcare worker receives an allocation decision in an emergency. They would be thinking about what is needed by the patient; feeling that they are demonstrating to other vulnerable people; and believing, propositions derived from ethical principles including equity and justice.
Confirmation Bias in Psychological Practice
Thus, the confirmed tendency to look for, perceive, and remember information consistent with prior convictions or expectations, referred to as confirmation bias, is considered one of the most difficult to address in clinical practice (Mulder et al., 2022). It can reach as far as the decisions made on the clinician level, diagnosis reliability, and treatment effectiveness. While such a bias can make one psychologist review only the evidence that supports the initial diagnosis rather than proving otherwise such information may lead to wrong diagnosis or prescription of wrong treatment plans. Similarly, therapists can decide that a client’s behaviors or responses fit into specific theories offering no other possibilities to consider. This may also not allow for tangible impartiality and may also prescribe stereotypical thinking, especially where given cases relate to culture or diversity. These include Reflective practice, seeking disconfirming evidence, and communication with other professionals. When engaging in non-hypothesis-driven research and when following a diagnostic manual, the issues with confirmation bias will further be effectively addressed.
Research Support
The foundation of evidence-based practice and research support confirms that any action taken is based on solid, credible research data. Looking at the area of practice of psychology, the research assists the practitioners know of they or the type of practices that work successfully, the credibility of the diagnostic tools that are used, and the different treatment processes to mention but a few. Gaining quality knowledge, professionals will adjust their work processes concerning various clients and enhance their awareness of the latest trends and innovations within their field. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and other research articles that have gone through the peer review process are useful in clinical decision-making. Using these publications, organizations like APA establish clear frameworks by which people can give ethical and efficient care. Besides, research promotes training and professionalism for the providers since this makes them analyze findings and implement them all through their lifetime practice. For example, studying research in cognitive biases Erika and judgment may help the psychologist in learning how to do away with confirmation bias in the above-mentioned scenarios. Research assistance assists psychological professionals to work more effectively giving their clients better outcomes, increasing respect and recognition within that field, and perhaps most importantly, expanding science’s overall knowledge in the realm of human behavior and mental health.
Application of Confirmation Bias
It does so by pointing at an operation of this bias in a completely different context; this shows many people why this type of bias is not limited to just psychological practice (Kumah et al., 2022). Proposing other hypotheses and collecting evidence that may be more relevant should in this case outweigh a therapist relying on what a client says when they first meet for example during this process. It goes to the every day, beyond the clinical environment-in fact, what might be seen as decision-making processes within workplaces and conflicts, for instance, where people often behave selectively to substantiate their assumptions. At the research level, this bias is likely to affect the design of the study, data analysis, and/or interpretation and therefore come up with wrong conclusions. It must therefore be offset by skepticism, self-consciousness, and determination for data that may negate one’s hypotheses. Thus, diverse opinions and cooperation with classmates minimize confirmation bias’s influence even more through more varied and numerous solutions to the problems. Awareness of Confirmation Bias in various contexts will enable students /professionals and everyone else making decisions, to embrace equity, neutrality, and accuracy.
Ethical Reasoning Application
Ethical reasoning refers to the precise method applied in the consideration of ethical principles and values to achieve their appropriate position within ethical frameworks and their use (Kumah et al., 2022). It is essential not only in business and work to pursue solutions that are fair for all parties involved but also for personal decisions so that certain choices become reasonable and balanced. In health care, it is on most occasions the only way of achieving a balance between patient’s rights and self-governance, care and non-harm, and justice. When a patient decides to refuse treatment, a nurse compares the two principles and comes up with an ethically correct decision between following a patient’s decision to refuse treatment or providing the patient treatment against their wish. Likewise, in business, leaders use ethical theories to solve issues such as employee, environmental, and corporate ones. This type of leader has to assess the bigger picture of what is at stake, and the decisions that are usually made weigh different variables. The generic stages in ethical reflection include problem recognition, research, identification of all the parties assessment of potential impacts, and selecting the correct ethical theory or standard to assist in the decision. If found to be necessary certain more thorough theories for example one may use Kantian ethics utilitarianism or even virtue ethics. Ethical thinking therefore involves critical thinking incorporating empathy, thereby making sure the decision-making processes are answerable, and that such increased ability is capable of meeting new challenges with ethical solutions and adapting to new environments, therefore demonstrating what it means to reason ethically.
Critical Thinking Application
On another note critical thinking can be defined as the organized process of comprehending, analyzing, evaluating, and making decisions on information. They assume a very central position in problem-solving, decision-making, and creativity within and between various settings. In education, critical thinking helps students judge the reliability of information, distinguish between fact and opinion, and put forward a logical and well-thought-out argument. For instance, when learning history, students actively reason through how to assess the original and secondary sources, how prejudice appears, and what systematic explanations can be made (Kappes et al., 2019). Critical thinking is essential in the delivery of health care through a capacity to diagnose the nature of the patient’s sickness, determine the options for treatment, and justify a possible result. For example, from an intervention perspective, a nurse requires deliberation and interpretation of the patient’s vital signs, laboratory reports, and signs and symptoms to identify one type of intervention that is most likely to yield the best results. For example, in business practice, assessment of market conditions, identifying the risks or likely outcomes and selecting the most appropriate strategies to be taken depending on the objectives of the business dent largely on critical thinking.
PSYC FPX 3520 assessment 3 References
Kappes, A., Harvey, A. H., Lohrenz, T., Montague, P. R., & Sharot, T. (2019). Confirmation bias in the utilization of others’ opinion strength. Nature News. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0549-2
Kumah, E. A., McSherry, R., Bettany‐Saltikov, J., Schaik, P., Hamilton, S., Hogg, J., & Whittaker, V. (2022). Evidence‐informed practice versus evidence‐based practice educational interventions for improving knowledge, attitudes, understanding, and behavior toward the application of evidence into practice: A comprehensive systematic review of UG student. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1233
Mulder, L. B., & van Dijk, E. (2020). Moral rationalization contributes more strongly to escalation of unethical behavior among low moral identifiers than among high moral identifiers. Frontiers in Psychology.Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6960263/
Schmitt, S. M., Englich, B., Sautner, L., & Velten, P. (2021). Alternative stories and the decision to prosecute: an applied approach against confirmation bias in criminal prosecution. Psychology, Crime & Law, 28(6), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2021.1941013