Synthesis of Evidence Substantiating a Practice Gap
| Citation | ConceptualFramework | Design/Method | Sample/Setting | Major Variables Studied and Their Definitions | Measurement | DataAnalysis | Findings | Appraisal: Worth to Practice |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (DeLeon et al., 2022) | The study is based on the use of the Health Belief Model, frame to explain the motivation of an individual to carry out protective behavioral strategies regarding alcohol consumption. | It is a quantitative research. For the current study, a cross-sectional survey method will be resorted to. Objectives: To explore the relationship among health beliefs, protective behavioral strategies, and alcohol consumption among college students. | Recruited on and around the college campuses. Subject pool: college students, 250 in number. | Relates perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers to the adoption of protective behavioral strategies, and alcohol use. Definitions: Perceived susceptibility refers to a belief regarding the perceived likelihood of experiencing adverse consequences from alcohol use. Perceived severity refers to the belief about the seriousness of those consequences. Perceived benefits refer to the belief in the effectiveness of PBS in preventing negative outcomes. Perceived barriers relate to perceived obstacles to adopting PBS. | Surveys were applied to gather information on the beliefs of the participants and their application of protective strategies, like moderation and pacing. | SPSS was used to perform the statistical computation; further, the Chi-square test was applied to calculate the relationship between belief constructs and PBS. | It has been observed that strong associations existed between health belief constructs and the use of PBS. Strong perceived benefits but low perceived barriers went with increased use of protective strategies by the students. | The study provides evidence that the perceptions of students can inform targeted interventions aimed at reducing risky alcohol consumption, hence augmenting the effectiveness of practice and intervention in campus health settings. |
| (Ryum et al., 2019) | The research is based on cognitive-behavioral theories, asserting that interpersonal relationships significantly impact emotional and psychological processes, particularly in chronic pain management. | Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Objectives: Investigate the linkage between interpersonal problems and catastrophizing about pain in patients with chronic pain, understanding the way such patterns play into the patients’ experiences of pain. | Sample: 150 chronic pain patients enrolled from a pain management clinic in California, USA. | Major variables include:1. Interpersonal Problems: These problems hinder social and interpersonal transactions and affect personal relationships and emotional well-being.2. Pain Catastrophizing: The excessive concern over the level of pain and the distressing emotional response to it provides its weight in the perception of pain and in coping. | Inventory of Interpersonal Problems: The interpersonal problems were measured by the scale.Pain Catastrophizing Scale: PCS was used to measure the degree of catastrophizing associated with pain. | Multiple regression analysis was carried out in the data to determine the predictive association between interpersonal problems and pain catastrophizing. | There was a high positive correlation between interpersonal problems and pain catastrophizing (β = 0.45, p < 0.01), indicating that patients who have more interpersonal problems demonstrate more pain catastrophizing. | Strengths:Measurement tools used were validated and the sample size was robust.Illuminates psychological factors in chronic pain to assist in the development of more targeted interventions.Weaknesses:Cross-sectional design- not possible to infer causality.Data collected using self-reports are prone to biases.Ranking:Level IIValidity: YesReliability: YesApplicable: YesGeneral Ranking: High |
| (Clarke et al., 2021) | This study is based on the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework, which integrates evidence, context, and facilitation in guiding the implementation of evidence-based practice within the nursing scope of practice. | Studies that have evaluated the implementation of EBP by NPs | A total of 40 studies from primary care | Major VariablesEBP Implementation: The proportion of research evidence that is used in the NPs’ clinical decision-makingNurse Practitioner Engagement: The proportion of engagement that NPs take in the use of EBP. | Data from the sampled studies was analyzed based on the PARIHS framework’s key elements: evidence, context, and facilitation. | Data were thematically synthesized to identify dominating trends across settings of NP involvement in EBP. | The findings suggest that NPs are facilitators of EBP, but they face constraints such as time and lack of resources. Facilitating factors include leadership support and access to training. | Strengths:Review of the literature on the different studies concerning the implementation of EBP.Practical facilitators and barriers towards the NPsCriticismOnly relevant for studies in primary care servicesAn activity levelValidity: YESReliability: YESApplicability: YESGeneral Rating: High |
| (Park et al., 2022) | Concept: Diffusion of Innovations Theory: Everett Rogers Process of adopting new ideas in healthcare organizations through which they trickle down into implementation. | Qualitative case study research on the process of implementation of policy | 15 participants across Canada from different types of health organizations | Major Variables: 1. Knowledge Translation: The process of translating evidence into policy affecting the nursing workforce2. Workforce Policy Implementation: Adoption of policies related to safe staffing. | Policy adoption was informed from interviews and policy analysis of the organizations. | Data was thematically analyzed, borrowing Rogers’ theory to guide the classification of the stages of adoption and implementation. | Findings revealed that leadership support and communication were essential to the adoption of policy but resistance to change was a common hindrance. | Strengths:A well-established conceptual framework was applied to the implementation of the policy.WeaknessesThe scope was limited to one country.Ranking: Level VValid: YesReliable: YesApplicable: YesRanking Overall: High |
| (Harris & Rogers, 2021) | Applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to Healthcare: Acceptance of technology among the old hypertensive population. | Cross-sectional study using survey design. | Sample size – 250 older adults, above 60 years of age, who are diagnosed with hypertension, recruited from urban healthcare facilities in China. | Key VariablesHealthcare Technology Acceptance: Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention of using technology.Older Adults with Hypertension: Diagnosed with hypertension clinically. | Surveys using a Likert scale to measure the level of ease of use, usefulness, and intention to use health care technology. | It employed multiple regression in SPSS for the determination of predicting factors that influence the acceptance of the technology. | The older adults showed a significantly high predictive value of both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness toward the intention. | Reliable: YesApplicable: YesRank overall: High |
NURS FPX 8045 Assessment 5 References
Clarke, V., Lehane, E., Mulcahy, H., & Cotter, P. (2021). Nurse practitioners’ implementation of evidence‐based practice into routine care: a scoping review. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3), 180–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12510
DeLeon, A. N., Peterson, R., Dvorak, R. D., Leary, A. V., Kramer, M. P., Burr, E. K., Toth, E. M., & Pinto, D. (2022). The health belief model in the context of alcohol protective behavioral strategies. Psychiatry, 86(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2114270
Harris, M. T., & Rogers, W. A. (2021). Developing a healthcare technology acceptance model (H-TAM) for older adults with hypertension. Ageing and Society, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x21001069
Park, C. S.-Y., Lee, S., Kim, H., & Kabak, M. (2022). Diffusion of innovations-informed knowledge translation strategy to implement optimal safe nursing workforce policy in practice. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 30(1), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.5152/fnjn.2022.21122
Ryum, T., Jacobsen, H. B., Borchgrevink, P. C., Landrø, N. I., & Stiles, T. C. (2019). Interpersonal problems as a predictor of pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 20(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2019-0064
