Drug	First Use: Yes or No	The pattern of use over time?	What frequency of use in the past month?	Date/Amount of most recent use?
Adderall	No	Two or three times every day	On daily basis	24/12/2024, two times in the day

Follow-on Question: Have These Drugs Ever Been Used In Combination?

No, my client only took one pill of Adderall daily. However, when she felt stressed out she would take two or three pills as she had done before. However, she never attempted to use the medication in any way, with alcohol, cocaine, or even Xanax. This implies the occurrence of such combinations leads to raster and more disturbing. Rhythmical pulsation Therefore the generation of such combinations may have caused arrhythmia and high blood pressure, which in turn could have triggered the provision of a heart attack or a stroke. This in turn means that if a combination of drugs were to be used it simply would have made the situation of Zoe worse.

Medical Concerns

Zoe took Adderall pills every day and 2 to 3 pills if she felt more pressured. She is a pure fanatic of it, and fanaticism originates from addiction whose meaning is ‘not controlling and doing very harm’. Substance use disorder is a problematic form where a person becomes adapted to substance use. Substance addiction is mostly associated with the regular nonprescribed use of tone–containing medicines.

Similar requirements can also be outlined in tours of the brain mechanisms they cause; most addicting medicines result in the promotion of extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Due to the frequent ingestion of addicting medicines, the dopamine receptors well-advertised in the brain lower the public interest in conditioning according to (Tardner, 2022). The effects were observed after the consumption of Adderall which is associated with addiction.

Adderall action triggers consequently the release of norepinephrine and dopamine in the synaptic cleft since the reabsorption of these neurotransmitters is being prevented.
Higher amounts of the drug lead to the stimulus of the sympathetic system, a very broad fight-and-flight response that quickens the heartbeat, dilates the pupils, opens the blood vessels, raises the sweat glands, and stimulates the nervous system.
It also interacts with alcohol and produces a dehydration reaction, which is characterized by increased blood pressure leading to myocardial infarction.
Prolonged use of Adderall also causes permanent damage to the kidneys. Due to the enhanced blood flow, there is consequent stiffening of the blood vessels in the kidneys, which causes the hardening of the kidneys to contribute to the loss of function.
Activation of fight or flight triggers a state of chronic restlessness that manifests in anxiety, and the formation of other psychological disorders (Tardner, 2022).

Past Treatment History

Zoe doesn’t have any prior medical history file. She takes Adderall and only went to see a doctor after someone forced her into getting treatment for the addiction. This is why the corresponding addiction started with her anxious state of mind. This was compounded by being forced into treatment thereby aggravating the condition and leading to the higher dosage of the medication. But she plans on working on the cause and eliminating the addiction pattern to be able to have normal living full of health.

Environmental Factors

Residence

Zoe is living with her parents and is provided with her room. However, she is facing a tough time with her friend circle, who are also addicted to Adderall. Moreover, her father being an alcoholic has induced this state of constant attentivity and anxiety in her life. The implication of Adderall has further supported the cause. Although the living conditions are bearable, she is worried about the funding of her college, for which she exerts constant pressure on herself for academic validation so that she might be able to receive funding for her future studies.

Social support system

All of Zoe’s friends are on Adderall and everyone ‘borrows’ it from one another. It cannot be said that they are going to support Zoe. Her friends’ involvement in her substance abuse makes her a candidate for Adderall addiction. Further, she cannot depend on any sibling or talk to anyone in that aspect to assist her gets over the situation. They are immersed in the issues that energize her affliction and eliminate her chances of any help from them in terms of childhood mental disorder.

Family and Family History

Family History of Use

Based on the details given it’s evident that Zoe’s father is an alcoholic and Zoe’s mother uses Xanax. Other than that there is no addiction in their family, at least none were reported by them. Still, these could not be considered as driving factors as both vardenafil and avanafil are in different classes of medicines. Of course, the implication that her father is an alcoholic declares her predisposition toward the use of Adderall as an addiction. Parents in addictive behaviors are transmitted to children, and they can inevitably count on even more dangerous substances. The pattern is also shown in the stated case by observing the parental use of substances to deal with anxiety and other problems. Similarly to Samantha, in the cases when Zoe takes high dosages of Adderall she wants to get rid of anxiety.

Family Mental Health History

According to the instructions given, the diagnosis made for Zoe’s mother is anxiety. She takes Xanax for treatment to flush out her episode of anxiety. That notwithstanding, no history of substance abuse or mental health disorders has ever been identified within the family of the client. At the same time, in the case of Zoe, there is an evident sign that she uses a coping strategy identical to the one applied by her mother. Furthermore, she imitates the same to cope with academic stress.

Current Additional Status to Consider

Educational

Zoe is doing very well on academic work. She is yet to join the college. The writer has a dream of getting herself into Harvard to have a better life in the future. Nevertheless, she attains good grades accompanied by anxiety emerging from conditions due to peer pressure exerted on the learner. Also, she is looking forward to getting her college funded. All such factors explain why she started developing anxiety at a tender age. Many children under academic pressure lay down the foundation for becoming addicted.

Financial

In a personal sense, Zoe neither has to answer to anyone for any money does not rely on anybody’s support, and does not have any responsibilities. She owns a small café and operates it on a part-time basis and only herself (M Iqbal et al., 2020). None of such has been put forward by her parents. The girl mentioned has her parents have control of any financial issues that may arise. They don’t have to pay for anything as their parents are the ones who pay for their bills and even rent. As a result, Zoe is not limited by any sort of financial repercussion.

Legal

During the past and in the present, no legal issues were held against Zoe.

Motivation for Treatment

Zoe thinks that she must be fine because she doesn’t fuss, but she isn’t. She has mental complaints. Zoe has many issues in her character because she is the one who is downcast in her forthcoming future. Well, I can remember she was formerly truant and doing well in class work but she was not happy. All of it is because of an internal complaint because she is hooked on it (Hartney, 2022). There are two major criticisms of DSM- 5, that there is more medicalize and a mood that is not considered extreme. Her brain is not in a state that she affects normally. Zoe is also learning about participation in Volunteer activities. That is why she wants to show that she has what it takes in this world. She’s also the first woman in the family to achieve a degree. She most likely sees a doctor after the force of her parents. She thinks it is alright with Adderall intake and that is fine by her.

Clinical Assessment

Adderall is used for hyperactivity symptoms or impulse control. It can cause side effects, including hallucination, dizziness, weight loss, nausea, and stomach pain. Increased level use can cause low blood and efficacy of amphetamines. It can cause a diagnosis of ADHD. Zoe is dependent on Adderall. She uses more substance quantity when she needs to feel more. Due to the cause of addiction, she experiences more cravings for substance use (Dragomir et al., 2019). In the view of ICD-10 internal diseases and as given in the script, it can be mood change, characteristic internal diseases, delusional complaints, and behavioral complaints due to the use of psychoactive substances. Also, from the view of DSM-5, they can have different personality diseases.

Level of Personality Functioning (LPF) represents the entry criterion of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) in DSM-5. It’s defined as a dimensional general inflexibility criterion common to all personality diseases and conceptually independent of personality types, and it represents manner as identity and manner-direction and interpersonal as empathy and closeness functioning. Adderall is also used to counter depression. It is employed to treat issues connected to ADHD. The symptoms of depression can be seen by doctors because, in some cases, Adderall can show the worst reactions.

Treatment Recommendation

First of all, we have to encourage Zoe. She may already know how to study and may already have clarity for the future. All she is about her next future is having this dreary feeling of being depressed. People taking drugs might opt for one type of therapy from the other. One of them is detoxification. This is the process of taking the individual with the substance use disorder away from the substance. It purifies the patient who is very much intoxicated and wants substances (Erkekoglu and Ogawa, 2021).

This is another way of treating patients through the use of communication, and psychological behavior known as counseling. Small-scale evidence suggests that Behavior Change Counseling (BCC) is well suited for persons in an undertaking to formalize any health-related issue through activities to gain acquaintance with physical and mental health.

Ethical Consideration

Zoe is young enough to handle things but the therapist should not disclose any information concerning her. She has her family and friends and they should never get to know about her substance use without her permission (Braun et al., 2020). The value of people is recognized; people must make decisions. Policies on ethical issues are maintained in the course of scientific studies. The main type of nursing role remains mostly caring, protecting, and advocating.

PSYC FPX 4300 assessment 1 Conclusion

It leads to the understanding that Zoe is a 17-year-old girl with substance use issues. A very sad and stressed girl or woman. On the whole, she is doing fine, but she is sad about going to high school. She takes Adderall daily and 2 to 3 pills if she has to work hard under stress. The solution to her problem lies in getting her a support structure and to be detoxified. She also needs motivation to perform even more.

PSYC FPX 4300 assessment 1 References

Anonymous. (2020, October 27). Adderall. RxList; RxList. https://www.rxlist.com/adderall-drug.htm#interactions

Braun, R., Ravn, T., & Frankus, E. (2020). What constitutes expertise in research ethics and integrity? Research Ethics, 174701611989840. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016119898402

Dragomir, A. I., Julien, C. A., Bacon, S. L., Boucher, V. G., & Lavoie, K. L. (2019). Training physicians in behavioural change counseling: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 102(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.08.025

Erkekoglu, P., & Ogawa, T. (2021). Medical Toxicology. In Google Books. BoD – Books on Demand. https://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4mwtEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA311&dq=detoxification+for+drug+addicts&ots=zyNcJi5dKa&sig=_Kp-J-nkclD2ul3n7vcjVQJJyxc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=detoxification%20for%20drug%20addicts&f=false

Hartney, E. (2022, August 25). DSM 5 Criteria for Substance Use Disorders. Verywell Mind; Verywellmind. https://www.verywellmind.com/dsm-5-criteria-for-substance-use-disorders-21926

M Iqbal, M., Joarder, A., & Iqbal, M. T. (2020). Adderall Abuse Among College Students. Journal of Anxiety & Depression, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-3264.121

Tardner, P. (2022, April 5). Adderall and Depression. Https://Www.ijest.org/. https://www.ijest.org/nootropics/adderall-and-depression/

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