Substance Use History:	Now, Manny was taking oxycodone ten years ago, and currently, he smokes weed to manage the oxycodone addiction.
Medical History:	He had back surgery about ten years ago and had pain.
Past Treatment History:	His doctor has continued to prescribe oxycodone to help him manage the pain.
Family History:	His mother and his sister were depressed and his brother smoked the weed.
Legal History:	He was a construction worker and I can do nothing anymore because of my painkiller drugs which make me lethargic.
Social situation (current friends and family):	He is married with a son but has conflicts with his siblings and parents.
Financial Situation (employment status and finances):	This man was healthier before his operation and now relies on his wife.
Other considerations (education, etc.)	None of his family members has ever been to school apart from his son.
Motivation (what is their motivation to change)	He came to understand that he was not even a good husband and father, he stopped taking oxycodone and began smoking weed instead.
Diagnosis (what is their diagnosis)	Oxycodone deprived him of any activity, made him lethargic, and lost any interest in anything around him.
Support for diagnosis (Support diagnosis with evidence from the case and scholarly sources)	Subsequently, the patient is explained that Behavioral treatment or Psychosocial health treatment has to be taken and may help address his addiction and long and short treatments are also provided to aid in recovery (Samples et al., 2022).

And Now the Finale

This case is centered on Manny a patient who was an oxycodone addict. Oxycodone the powerful pain reliever, present in Percocet and oxycontin is among the most used prescription drugs in the country. It may be difficult to keep track of oxycodone as such since it is strong and helps many patients with painful or life-threatening diseases get some rest. During this assessment, the plan of care, diagnosis, and expected long-term and short-term objectives will be also reviewed.

Description of The Client Case Studies

He is 56 years old and has been working at a construction job his all life. About ten years ago he had back surgery, and yes he has had pain. He has reported being unable to work because of the pain. His doctor wanted to provide him relief from pain so he gave him oxycodone. One thing that he discovered after changing his pain management plan is that he has to take a substance abuse test before receiving any treatment. He added that he has never used oxy since his doctor dissuaded him from doing so. But to ease the same, he has equally resorted to weed taking it daily. His activities are centered on his wife and the little boy. He thinks that he is unfit to be a husband because his wife needs to work to earn money for the bills and to look after him, while he cannot work because of his suffering.

Client Diagnosis

Manny had back surgery about ten years back and he had a lot of pain. The need codes for DSM-5 Diagnostic Codes ICD-10-CM are F11.10 (Opioid abuse, uncomplicated) and F11.20 (Opioid dependence, uncomplicated) (Koehl et al., 2019). The characterized symptoms are given below:

Opium derivatives are often taken in amounts larger or for a longer time than prescribed.
There is always something about the need to decrease or control the prescription of opioids or half-hearted attempts at it.
Considerably precious time is spent on activities that are essential to receive, employ, or regain from an opioid.
A drive or passion exhibiting an urgent need for opioids.
Chronic opioid use leads to impaired ability to perform essential tasks in the workplace as well as at home. For instance, Manny cannot complete his job due to the disease because he has an addiction problem.
Repeated use of opioids, despite leftover or recurrent interpersonal or social problems precipitated by or exacerbated by opioid consumption.
Due to opioids, major social, working, or after-school/college activities are reduced or abandoned; for instance, Manny lost his driving license because of too many opioids (Poulsen et al., 2022).
Opioid maintenance is injurious to the health of an individual.
Persistent administration of opioids when the person understands that s/he now has or likely developed a long-term or relapse condition that the substance likely caused or aggravated.

Treatment Recommendation

The case history of Manny is discussed above, and by his current medical situation, the recommended treatment is given below:

1. Detox Treatment

Oxycodone addiction produces powerful and long-lasting withdrawal symptoms which can be quite uncomfortable. For this reason, most people who are attempting to quit taking this substance will find it helpful to seek professional oxycodone addiction treatment. A monitored detox if necessary, could be suggested based on how much, how often, and for how long oxycodone has been taken. Drug elimination on purpose from the natural body is referred to as detoxification. To pass a rectal tube the nurse sometimes has to physically examine the patient, for medical staff to attend to the patient and ensure their safety and comfort this is often done in the inpatient care. Other drugs may be given throughout this phase to manage cravings and other unpleasant symptoms. (O’Donnell et al., 2022)

2. Therapy for Motivational Improvement.

Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) works on the principle of helping addicts understand how they can change their thoughts and patterns. MET includes four conceptually specific sessions following an initial evaluation. For example, each session is specific, depending on the client concerned. Given that, the first few sessions focus on the evaluation made during the first session and the set objectives in the following ones. The patient gets taught about perspective and assurance of continuous sobriety in later sessions. (Herscher et al., 2020)

3. Psychiatric Help.

Psychiatric help is a sort of medical aid to look for since they understand non-opioid, nonpharmaceutical methods of pain control. To achieve those goals, psychologists can improve prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation services as well as manage both acute and chronic pain. This may be effective in preventing abuse of opiate medicines. He is also encouraged to participate in group discussion therapy as an effective treatment that entitles Manny to open-line conversation with other patients and medical that helps him greatly to leave the habit of weed smoking for his benefit and healthy life (Brennan et al., 2022).

Also, the above-mentioned therapies, music therapy, and art therapy are estimated as valuable factors of treatment for the patients. Both these types of therapies give mental relaxation to the patient and remove their tension and anxiety which helps them to cure effectively (Teleki et al., 2021). For instance, Manny has ever mentioned that his wife is a working woman and his son is in college, while for him, he stays alone at home. Only both therapies eased his mind to an extent that enhanced his mental state, and reduced weed smoking.

CBT is another member of various efficient therapies, amongst which cognitive behavioral therapy is also efficient for Manny. First of all, it changes the way, in which people tend to look at their suffering. CBT may enhance understanding of stress, reconstrue thoughts, feelings, and behaviors relevant to pain, and put suffering in a more positive light.

Importance of Therapies

The use of therapies is important especially when handling the patients. The therapies help the patients to cure them by altering their mental way of thinking and perceiving, and the understanding the patient has about their ailment. The group discussion therapy imparts practices employed for other patients to change undesirable health behavior and thus effectively eliminate negative health repercussions. As a result, all kinds of therapies are crucial because they serve as a useful roadmap to the patients in their treatment process to increase their well-being (Teleki et al., 2021).

An Analysis of Ethical Concerns

The following are some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise when treating drug addicts.
Security should be maintained to ensure that efficiency in the treatment of addicts is achieved.
In a progressive system, it is established within ethics that morality entails equality therefore all the people must equally be presented with available goods.
Dignity, self-governance of the adults who have it, and reverence of the ones who don’t.
Those are moral and ethical tries in an attempt to handle individuals with a disability.

Short- and Long-Term Goals

The designed cases of Manny are given after treatment so that they can know his goals and objectives for enhancing his strengths and weaknesses. This will help them to transition into an improved health-responsible lifestyle.

Long-term Goal

The long-term objectives of avoiding oxycodone and weed addiction include: Positive outcomes suggest that skills with regards to weed quitting or refraining from it as well as other issues that may interface with it must be taught to Manny. However, He has to refrain from sin and give in to peer pressure. He should avoid making friends or associating with such friends or family members that force him to use substances such as weed to ease a burdening anxiety such as a friend who uses weed. In any case, Manny should have goals and dreams for the future with his wife.

Short-term Goal

The following are the short-term objectives for preventing oxycodone and cannabis addiction.

Healthy Lifestyle

Living a healthy life is part of the overall health of people. Healthy meals and activities free stress and depression among people and enhance their health. Recommendation to achieve the target set to decrease healthy life among the habit of weed smoking: Replacement (Athy et al., 2022). These findings were that it lowered Manny’s level of depression and raised his level of participation in constructive actions – in this case meaning it diminished his weed-smoking behavior.

Experiment with New Things

The desire to venture out means that you’ll be able to discover a new form of interest or even reignite the passion for a former interest. Note down some things that you would like to do maybe some techniques you would wish to experience deeply or some things that you would wish to encounter again, and make a time when you have to do them. Substance abuse restoration for instance we are told, is based on the principle that take it as it comes day by day.

Therapies

Therapies are very significant in changing the behavior of the patients on the incorrect practice such as smoking and alcohol to lessen health effects. Since Manny needs to cut on the portion of depression that leads him to excessive weed consumption, recommended therapy sessions for him are CBT, Music therapy, art therapy, and other helpful therapies that have the potential to make changes in Manny to make his behavioral and business practices healthy (Türkis, 2022).

Action plan

After treatment one of the first things you should do is to make your action plan to follow. It entails a set of policies, objectives, strategies, memos, and procedures that you develop to ensure that you succeed in the process of recovery. One should strive to avoid hasty behavior and lest they go too fast. Making a personal action plan will assist you in establishing the goals, tasks, and mental processes essential for achieving the two most important goals of treatment: p. full recovery and lower rates of recidivism. This is an introspective task where you must come clean about yourself to some extent of depth. (O’Donnell et al., 2022). The following action plan is recommended to address the problem:

Hard measures should be put in place to counter this liberal supply of weed products.
Instead, a separate monitoring committee needs to be formed at the community level to closely watch the sources that are advocating the use of weed smoking and act against them.
Same way, punishments should be given to people supplying weed as well as those using it excessively in practices like smoking weed.
This counseling activity of the patient of weed smoking should be encouraged by putting into practice counseling and rehabilitation facilities.
It is very important to involve families and peers in treating weed smokers. Public awareness among families and peers should be of help in altering the misconduct of weed smokers on usage of weed and its impacts on health should be emphasized.

PSYC FPX 4300 assessment 4 Conclusion

Last but not least, oxycodone and other pharmacological opiates have always been given special attention in the media, and often it paints a picture of those who abuse the drug as incomplete drug-free users who easily become addicted to the legit prescription medicine (Harris et al., 2019). However, everything that is associated with the use of active ingredients is associated with potential dangers and therefore side effects and complications of misuse, abuse, and dependence accompanied by health and other associated economic costs of prescription opioids. To minimize the impact on health, the necessary measures are suggested to follow an efficacious framework for the authorities over the restrictive legislation on weed availability.

PSYC FPX 4300 assessment 4 References

Athy, A. E., Milojev, P., Gray, N. H., Osborne, D., Sibley, C. G., & Milfont, T. L. (2022). Clarifying longitudinal relations between individuals’ support for human rights and climate change beliefs. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 101875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101875

Brennan, L., Sheill, G., O’Neill, L., O’Connor, L., Smyth, E., & Guinan, E. (2022). Physical therapists in oncology settings: experiences in delivering cancer rehabilitation services, barriers to care, and service development needs. Physical Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab287

Harris, R. A., Kranzler, H. R., Chang, K.-M., Doubeni, C. A., & Gross, R. (2019). Long-term use of hydrocodone vs. oxycodone in primary care. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 205, 107524. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.026

Herscher, M., Fine, M., Navalurkar, R., Hirt, L., & Wang, L. (2020). Diagnosis and management of opioid use disorder in hospitalized patients. Medical Clinics of North America, 104(4), 695–708. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2020.03.003

Koehl, J. L., Zimmerman, D. E., & Bridgeman, P. J. (2019). Medications for management of opioid use disorder. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 76(15), 1097–1103. Https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz105

O’Donnell, C., Demler, T. L., & Dzierba, C. (2022). Perceptions and barriers of adverse drug reaction reporting within inpatient state psychiatric facilities. Mental Health Clinician, 12(4), 247–253. Https://doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2022.08.247

Poulsen, M. N., Asdell, P. B., Berrettini, W., McBryan, K., & Rahm, A. K. (2022). Application of the COM-B model to patient barriers and facilitators of retention in medication treatment for opioid use disorder in rural Northeastern United States: A qualitative study. SSM – Mental Health, 2, 100151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100151

Samples, H., Williams, A. R., Crystal, S., & Olfson, M. (2022). Psychosocial and behavioral therapy in conjunction with medication for opioid use disorder: Patterns, predictors, and association with buprenorphine treatment outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 108774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108774

Teleki, S., Zsidó, A. N., Lénárd, L., Komócsi, A., Kiss, E. C., & Tiringer, I. (2021). Role of received social support in the physical activity of coronary heart patients: The health action process approach. Applied Psychology: Health And Well-being. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12290

Türkis, S. (2022, July 1). Use and effectiveness of creative art therapy in the treatment of Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder: a scoping review. Essay.utwente.nl. http://essay.utwente.nl/92434/

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